We elucidated the long-term effects of potassium citrate on urinary metabolic profiles and its impact on stone formation rates.

Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients treated at the Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center at our institution between 2000 and 2006. Patients with pre-therapy and post-therapy 24-hour

urinary profiles available who Selleck PRT062607 remained on potassium citrate for at least 6 months were included in the analysis.

Results: Of the 1,480 patients with 24-hour urinary profiles 503 met study inclusion criteria. Mean therapy duration was 41 months (range 6 to 168). Overall a significant and durable change in urinary metabolic profiles was noted as soon as 6 months after the onset this website of therapy. These changes included increased urinary pH (5.90 to 6.46, p <0.0001) and increased urinary citrate (470 to 700 mg a day, p <0.0001). The stone formation rate also significantly decreased after the initiation of potassium

citrate from 1.89 to 0.46 stones per year (p <0.0001). There was a 68% remission rate and a 93% decrease in the stone formation rate.

Conclusions: Potassium citrate provides a significant alkali and citraturic response. during short-term and long-term therapy with the change in urinary metabolic profiles sustained as long as 14 years of treatment. Moreover, long-term potassium citrate significantly decreases the stone formation rate, confirming its usefulness in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis.”
“Purpose: We investigated the role of noncontrast computerized tomography in predicting the treatment outcome of shock wave lithotripsy on upper ureteral stones to formulate a clinical algorithm to facilitate clinical management.

Materials and Methods: Adult patients with upper ureteral stones confirmed by noncontrast computerized tomography and scheduled for primary in situ shock wave lithotripsy were prospectively recruited. Standardized treatment was performed on each patient. The primary end point was stone-free status at 3 months. Pretreatment noncontrast

computerized tomography was Lonafarnib cell line assessed by a single radiologist blinded to the clinical parameters. Predictive values of computerized tomography measurements on the treatment outcome were then assessed.

Results: Between October 2004 and July 2007 a total of 94 patients (60 male and 34 female) were recruited for the study. Logistic regression showed that stone volume, mean stone density and skin-to-stone distance were potential predictors of successful treatment. From ROC curves the optimum cutoff for predicting treatment outcomes for stone volume, mean stone density and skin-to-stone distance was 0.2 cc, 593 HU and 9.2 cm, respectively. A simple scoring system was constructed based on the 3 factors of stone volume less than 0.2 cc, mean stone density less than 593 HU or skin-to-stone distance less than 9.2 cm. The stone-free rate for patients having 0, 1, 2 and 3 factors was 17.9%, 48.4%, 73.

Therefore, to examine and compare results obtained from RM models of Indian and Chinese origins should lead to further validation and improvement

of these animal models for HIV/AIDS research.”
“Background: Intrapartum administration of single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) reduces perinatal HIV-1 transmission in resource-limiting settings by half. Yet this strategy has limited effect on subsequent breast milk transmission, making the case for new treatment approaches to extend maternal/infant antiretroviral prophylaxis through the period of lactation. Maternal and transmitted infant HIV-1 variants frequently develop NVP resistance mutations following sdNVP, complicating subsequent treatment/prophylaxis regimens. However, it is not clear whether NVP-resistant viruses are transmitted via breastfeeding or arise de novo www.selleckchem.com/products/Adrucil(Fluorouracil).html in the infant.

Findings: We performed a detailed HIV genetic analysis using single genome sequencing to identify the origin of drug-resistant variants in an sdNVP-treated postnatally-transmitting mother-infant pair. Phylogenetic analysis

of HIV sequences from the child revealed low-diversity variants indicating infection by a subtype C single AZD9291 clinical trial transmitted/founder virus that shared full-length sequence identity with a clonally-amplified maternal breast milk virus variant harboring the K103N NVP resistance mutation.

Conclusion: In this mother/child pair, clonal amplification of maternal NVP-resistant HIV variants present in systemic and mammary gland compartments following intrapartum

sdNVP represents one source of transmitted NVP-resistant variants that is responsible for the acquisition of drug resistant virus by the breastfeeding infant. This finding emphasizes the need for combination antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.”
“Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Givinostat concentration has been recognized as a metabolic disorder, manifested by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, is a pleiotropic protein known for its antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties and has been shown to induce insulin resistance and play a role in glucose metabolism. Recent studies investigating circulating PEDF levels show elevated serum PEDF in association with insulin resistance in normal-weight women with PCOS, but not in obese PCOS patients. The aims of this study were 1) to assess PEDF gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) from women with PCOS and nonhirsute, ovulatory controls, and 2) to determine the circulating levels of PEDF in these groups.

Methods: Total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue biopsy samples and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine relative gene expression levels.

In this study, we have used a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics technologies to investigate the response of human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 cells to prohibitin silencing to define in detail the biological function of hepatic Phb1 and to elucidate potential prohibitin-dependent mechanisms participating in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Abrogation of prohibitin reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells in a mechanism dependent on NF kappa B signaling. Moreover, down-regulation of ERp29 together with down-regulation of Erlin 2 suggests ER stress. In agreement, increased C/EBP homologous protein levels, poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage

and activation of caspase 12 and downstream caspase 7 evidenced ER stress-induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of Selisistat manufacturer CFTRinh-172 purchase proteasome activator complex subunit 2 and stathmin as well as accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins suggest interplay between ER stress and proteasome malfunction. Taken together, our results provide evidences for prohibitin having a central role in the maintenance

of the transformed and invasive phenotype of human hepatoma cells and may further support previous studies suggesting prohibitin as a potential clinical target.”
“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Both diseases are characterized by amyloid deposition in target tissues: aggregation of amylin in T2DM is associated with loss of insulin-secreting beta-cells, while amyloid beta (A beta) aggregation in AD brain is associated with neuronal loss. Here, we used quantitative iTRAQ proteomics as a discovery tool to show that both All and human amylin (HA) deregulate identical proteins, a quarter of which https://www.selleck.cn/products/NVP-AUY922.html are mitochondria], supporting the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common target in these two amyloidoses. A functional validation revealed that

mitochondrial complex IV activity was significantly reduced after treatment with either HA or A beta, as was mitochondria] respiration. In comparison, complex I activity was reduced only after treatment with HA. A beta and HA, but not the non-amyloidogenic rat amylin, induced significant increases in the generation of ROS. Co-incubation of HA and A beta did not produce an augmented effect in ROS production, again suggesting common toxicity mechanisms. In conclusion, our data suggest that A[3 and HA both exert toxicity, at least in part, via mitochondrial dysfunction, thus restoring their function may be beneficial for both AD and T2DM.”
“Sequencing of at least 13 Staphylococcus aureus isolates has shown that genomic plasticity impacts significantly on the repertoire of virulence factors. However, genome sequencing does not reveal which genes are expressed by individual isolates. Here, we have therefore performed a comprehensive survey of the composition and variability of the S. aureus exoproteome.

Six chimeric constructs, bearing the A beta 1-15 or the A beta 4-15 sequence in positions 248,392 or 529 of the CMV coat protein (CP) gene, were created. Viral products proved to be able to replicate in their natural host. However, only chimeric A beta 1-15-CMVs

were detected by A beta 1-42 antiserum in Western blot analysis.

Experimental evidence of Immunoelectron microscopy revealed a complete decoration of A beta 1-15-CMV(248) and A beta 1-15-CMV(392) following incubation with either Selleck Belnacasan anti-A beta 1-15 or anti-A beta 1-42 polyclonal antibodies. These two chimeric CMVs appear to be endowed with features making them possible candidates for vaccination against Alzheimer’s disease. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The heterogeneity of astrocytes is of growing interest, because this information is now considered to be crucial for understanding the diverse roles of astrocytes, for example, support and nutrition for neurons, and modulation of synaptic plasticity. In this study, we stereologically estimated the regional and laminar differences in antigen profiles and spatial distributions of astrocytes in the young adult (2-month-old) and middle-aged (10-month-old) mouse hippocampus. Here we used two established astrocyte markers, that is,

glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100 beta, to identify the astrocyte population. In addition, we examined the patterns of expression of sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) in the hippocampus. The majority of astrocytes expressed Sox2, and few regional and laminar differences were observed SU5402 cell line in the expression ratios

of Sox2 in astrocytes. GFAP-negative astrocytes selleckchem were specifically seen in the strata pyramidale and lucidum of the ventral CA3 region. S100 beta-negative astrocytes were mainly found in the hilus of the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Antigen profiles of astrocytes defined by Sox2, GFAP, and sloop were rather constant until middle age. We then estimated the heterogeneity in spatial distributions of astrocytes. The numbers of astrocytes in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the dorsal part of Ammon’s horn were significantly larger in the middle-aged mice than in young adult mice. On the contrary, the astrocyte numbers in the stratum oriens of Ammon’s horn showed significant age-dependent decline. Despite such changes, the total number of astrocytes in the whole area of the hippocampus showed no differences between young adult and middle-aged mice. The present data may work as an essential anatomical reference to understand the heterogeneity of astrocytes in the hippocampus. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In order to obtain HIV-1 primary isolates in settings with limited access to donor PBMCs, a culture method was developed where patient PBMCs infected with HIV-1 were cultured together with U87.CD4 cells.

The comparison of the Z13e1 and 4E10 epitope structures reveals a conformational switch such that neutralization can occur by the recognition of the different conformations and faces of the largely amphipathic MPER. The Z13e1

structure provides significant new insights into the dynamic nature of the MPER, which likely is critical for membrane fusion, and it has significant implications for mechanisms of HIV-1 neutralization by MPER antibodies and for the design of HIV-1 immunogens.”
“Both mutant p53 and chemoresistance are poor prognostic factors in cancer. Many studies have examined the influence selleck screening library of these factors on fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) incorporation. Whilst mutant p53 is associated with increased FDG incorporation, chemoresistance, especially when associated with P-glycoprotein, is associated with decreased FDG incorporation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilizes strategies to suppress or evade the host immune response for establishment of persistent infection. We have shown previously that HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) impairs tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated apoptosis. In this study, we have examined the immunomodulatory role of HCV NS5A protein in transgenic mouse (NS5A-Tg) liver when mice were challenged

with an unrelated hepatotropic adenovirus as a nonspecific stimulus. Hepatotropic adenovirus was introduced intravenously into NS5A-Tg mice and control mice, and virus clearance Selumetinib from liver was compared over a time course of 3 weeks. The differential mRNA expression levels of 84 cytokine-related genes, signal pathway molecules, transcription factors, and cell surface molecules were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR array. NS5A-Tg mice failed to clear adenovirus from liver up to 3 weeks postinfection while control mice cleared virus within 1 to 2 weeks. Subsequent study revealed that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression is inhibited at Selleckchem GDC-0994 both the mRNA and protein levels in NS5A-Tg mice,

and an inverse expression of transcription factors Gata-3 and Tbx21 is observed. However, TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression were elevated in both NS5A-Tg and control mice. Together, our results suggested that HCV NS5A acts as an immunomodulator by inhibiting IFN-gamma production and may play an important role toward establishment of chronic HCV infection.”
“Introduction: Stable attachment of Cu-64(2+) to a targeting molecule usually requires the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC). Sarcophagine (Sar) ligands rapidly coordinate Cu-64(2+) within the multiple macrocyclic rings comprising the cage structure under mild conditions, providing high stability in vivo. Previously,me have designed a new versatile cage-like BFC Sar ligand, 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo [6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid (AmBaSar), for Cu-64 radiopharmaceuticals.

(C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SCoV) is

an enveloped virus containing a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. Nine mRNAs carrying a set of common 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) are synthesized from the incoming viral genomic RNA in cells infected with SCoV. A nonstructural SCoV nsp1 protein causes a severe translational shutoff by binding to the 40S ribosomal subunits. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5′ UTR of host mRNA. However, the mechanism by which SCoV viral proteins are efficiently produced in infected cells in which host protein synthesis is impaired by nsp1 is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the viral UTRs in evasion of the nsp1-mediated Selleckchem Roscovitine shutoff. Luciferase activities were significantly suppressed in Linsitinib order cells expressing nsp1 together with the mRNA carrying a luciferase gene, while nsp1 failed to suppress luciferase activities of the mRNA flanked by the 5′ UTR of SCoV. An RNA-protein binding assay and RNA decay assay revealed that nsp1 bound to stem-loop 1 (SL1) in the 5′ UTR of SCoV RNA and that the

specific interaction with nsp1 stabilized the mRNA carrying SL1. Furthermore, experiments using an SCoV replicon system showed that the specific interaction enhanced the SCoV replication. The specific interaction of nsp1 with SL1 is an important strategy to facilitate efficient viral gene expression Megestrol Acetate in infected cells, in which nsp1 suppresses host gene expression.

Our data indicate a novel mechanism of viral gene expression control by nsp1 and give new insight into understanding the pathogenesis of SARS.”
“Although a suboptimal prenatal environment has been linked with schizophrenia and depression, possible associations with personality disorders remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of body size at birth and length of gestation with hospitalization for personality disorders in a cohort study of 6506 men and 5857 women born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. International Classification of Diseases (-8, -9, -10) diagnoses of personality disorders were extracted from the national Finnish Hospital Discharge Register since 1969. 102 men and 80 women had been hospitalized due to any personality disorder. 41 men and 30 women had dramatic personality disorders. Among men, head circumference showed an inverse J-shaped, nonlinear association with hospitalization for personality disorders. Men with a small head circumference were at increased risk. Also in men, a smaller head-to-length ratio linearly predicted personality disorders. Among women, a smaller placental area predicted increased risk of hospitalization for dramatic personality disorders. Vulnerability to personality disorders may be programmed during fetal life. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

In total, this study demonstrates that the composition of immune complexes are dynamic over the course of HIV-1 infection and are comprised initially of antibodies that nonselectively opsonize both infectious and noninfectious virions, likely contributing to the lack of efficacy of the antibody response during acute infection.”
“Amblyopia is one of the most WH-4-023 purchase common forms of visual impairment, arising from an early functional imbalance between the two eyes. It is currently accepted that, due to a lack of neural plasticity, amblyopia is an untreatable pathology in adults. Environmental

enrichment (EE) emerged as a strategy highly effective in restoring plasticity in adult animals, eliciting recovery Lonafarnib in vivo from amblyopia through a reduction of intracortical inhibition. It is unknown whether single EE components are able to promote plasticity in the adult brain, crucial information for designing new protocols of environmental stimulation suitable for amblyopic human subjects. Here, we assessed the effects of enhanced physical exercise, increased social interaction, visual enrichment or perceptual learning on visual function recovery in adult amblyopic rats. We report a complete rescue of both visual acuity and ocular dominance

in exercised rats, in animals exposed to visual enrichment and in animals engaged in perceptual learning. These effects were accompanied by www.selleck.cn/products/ldk378.html a reduced inhibition/excitation balance in the visual cortex. In contrast, we did not detect any sign of recovery in socially enriched rats or in animals practicing a purely associative visual task. These findings could have a bearing in orienting clinical research in the field of amblyopia therapy.

(C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that plays a key role in mammalian female reproductive function. Animal research indicates that central oxytocin facilitates adaptive social attachments and modulates stress and anxiety responses. Major depression is prevalent among postpubertal females, and is associated with perturbations in social attachments, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, and elevated levels of anxiety. Thus, depressed women may be at risk to display oxytocin dysregulation. The current study was developed to compare patterns of peripheral oxytocin release exhibited by depressed and nondepressed women. Methods: Currently depressed (N = 17) and never-depressed (N = 17) women participated in a laboratory protocol designed to stimulate, measure, and compare peripheral oxytocin release in response to two tasks: an affiliation-focused Guided Imagery task and a Speech Stress task. Intermittent blood samples were drawn over the course of two, 1-hour sessions including 20-minute baseline, 10-minute task, and 30-minute recovery periods.

Participants were 238 patients treated for COPD the year before, with forced expiratory value in 1 second (FEV)(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 70% and FEVI < 70% predicted, and symptoms of moderate anxiety and/or moderate depression, who were being treated by a primary care provider or pulmonologist. Participants attended eight sessions of CBT or COPD education. Assessments were at baseline, at 4 and 8 weeks, and 4,8 and 12 months. Primary outcomes were disease-specific and generic

quality of life (QoL) [Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) respectively]. Secondary outcomes were anxiety [Beck Anxiety Inventory https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd2014.html (BAI)], depressive symptoms [Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)], 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and use of health services.

Results. Both treatments significantly improved QoL, anxiety and depression (p<0.005) over 8 weeks; the rate of change did not differ between groups. Improvements were maintained with no significant change during follow-up. Ratios of post- to pretreatment use of health services were equal to 1 for both groups.

Conclusions. CBT group treatment and COPD education can achieve sustainable improvements in QoL for COPI) patients BI-D1870 research buy experiencing

moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression or anxiety.”
“Small noncoding RNAs regulate a variety of cellular processes, including genomic imprinting, chromatin remodeling, replication, transcription, and translation. Here, we report small replication-regulating RNAs (srRNAs) that specifically inhibit DNA replication of the human BK polyomavirus (BKV) in vitro and in vivo. srRNAs from FM3A murine mammary tumor cells were

enriched by DNA replication assay-guided fractionation and hybridization check details to the BKV noncoding control region (NCCR) and synthesized as cDNAs. Selective mutagenesis of the cDNA sequences and their putative targets suggests that the inhibition of BKV DNA replication is mediated by srRNAs binding to the viral NCCR, hindering early steps in the initiation of DNA replication. Ectopic expression of srRNAs in human cells inhibited BKV DNA replication in vivo. Additional srRNAs were designed and synthesized that specifically inhibit simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in vitro. These observations point to novel mechanisms for regulating DNA replication and suggest the design of synthetic agents for inhibiting replication of polyomaviruses and possibly other viruses.”
“Background: Cannabis is commonly consumed by Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) users, including as an intentional strategy to manipulate the drug experience. The most active psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and other drugs with partial or full agonist activity at the CB, receptor, produces a reduction of body temperature in rodents.

Using a systematic mutagenesis scan, we determined that the motif that makes GaLV Env sensitive to Vpu is INxxIxxVKxxVxRxK. This region in the CTD of GaLV Env is predicted to form a helix. Mutations in the CTD that would break this helix abolish sensitivity to Vpu. Although many of these positions can be replaced with amino acids with similar biophysical properties without disrupting the Vpu sensitivity, the final lysine residue is required.

This Vpu sensitivity sequence appears to be modular, as the unrelated Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Env can be made Vpu sensitive by replacing its CTD with the GaLV Env CTD. In addition, F-MLV Env can be made Vpu sensitive by mutating two amino acids in its cytoplasmic tail to make it resemble Selleck SB202190 more closely the Vpu sensitivity motif. Surprisingly, the core components of this Vpu sensitivity sequence LDN-193189 ic50 are also present in the host surface protein CD4, which is also targeted by Vpu through its CTD.”
“It is interesting to speculate that the evolutionary drive for microbes to develop pathogenic characteristics was to access the nutrient resources that animals

provided. Animal environments that pathogens colonize have likely driven the evolution of new bacterial characteristics to maximize these new nutritional opportunities. This review focuses on genomic and functional MAPK inhibitor aspects of pathogen metabolism that allow efficient utilization of nutrient resources provided by animals. Similar to genes encoding specific virulence traits, genes encoding metabolic functions have been horizontally acquired by pathogens to provide

a selective advantage in host tissues. Selective advantage in host tissues can also be gained by loss of function mutations that alter metabolic capabilities. Greater understanding of bacterial metabolism within host tissues should be important for increased understanding of host pathogen interactions and the development of future therapeutic strategies.”
“This meta-analysis included 729 studies from 161 articles investigating how acute stress responsivity (including stress reactivity and recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis, autonomic, and cardiovascular systems) changes with various chronic psychosocial exposures (Job stress; general life stress; depression or hopelessness; anxiety, neuroticism, or negative affect; hostility, aggression, or Type-A behavior; fatigue, burnout, or exhaustion; positive psychological states or traits) in healthy populations. In either the overall meta-analysis or the methodologically strong subanalysis, positive psychological states or traits were associated with reduced HPA reactivity.

DAT activity increased slightly from PND 7 to PND 14 and then increased more strongly to PND 21, suggesting that higher DA release, in addition to the lower DAT www.selleckchem.com/products/AG-014699.html activity seen in PND 7 animals, was responsible for the age differences in levels of released DA. These results demonstrate that MeHg affects the dopaminergic system during early development; it thus may contribute to the neurobehavioral effects seen in MeHg-exposed children. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Purpose: Patients with myelodysplasia often have urological pathology, with 25% to 40% requiring reconstructive procedures

to achieve urinary and/or fecal continence. Complication rates from these major reconstructive procedures range between 10% and 50%. Additionally many of these patients have selleck compound significant comorbidities, including a nonambulatory status that leads to an increased body mass index. It is currently unknown whether a high body mass index is associated with increased surgical complications. In this study we compare body mass index and postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with myelodysplasia undergoing urinary or fecal reconstructive

procedures. We analyzed data for body mass index and any documented complication occurring during hospitalization or at any time during followup. Patients were categorized based on body mass index as normal weight (less than 85th percentile), overweight (85th to 95th percentile) or obese (greater than 95th percentile). Statistical analyses using chi-square

and Fisher’s exact tests were then performed.

Results: Reconstructive procedures were carried out in 66 patients with myelodysplasia between 1997 and 2005. A total of 48 bladder augmentations were performed with a total of 101 stomas created. Mean followup was 39 months. Height and weight were available for body mass index calculation in 60 patients. Obesity was common in our patients with myelodysplasia, affecting 33% of the population (20 of 60 patients). We found a total of 53 complications in 31 patients (52%). There was a significant next association between presence of complications and weight category, with complications occurring in 40% of normal weight, 40% of overweight and 75% of obese patients (p = 0.0380). An association between stomal stenosis and weight category was also found (p = 0.0373). In addition, multiple complications were more prevalent in obese patients. Of the 15 patients (25%) with 2 or more complications 10 (67%) were obese (p = 0.0066).

Conclusions: Patients with myelodysplasia have a high incidence of obesity. Since obesity is associated with a higher complication rate, weight loss programs are highly recommended for obese patients with myelodysplasia before and after any reconstructive surgery.