Cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion and exceeded 90%. The purity of HSC was higher than 99%, as assessed by fluorescence of retinoid-containing vacuoles under ultraviolet excitation.9 This study was performed following the regulations

of the local Animal Care Ethical Committee. Cirrhosis was induced by weekly intragastric administration of CCl4 for 8 weeks (Supporting Fig. 1A)10 or by intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg of thioacetamide (TAA) 3 times per week for 7 weeks. SV40 vectors encoding IGF-I (SVIGF-I) and luciferase (SVLuc) have been produced as described7 and a single dose of 1 × 1011 viral particles DNA Damage inhibitor was administered through the hepatic artery 1 week after the last dose see more of hepatotoxicant. For the CCl4 model of liver cirrhosis four experimental groups of animals were analyzed in two independent experiments: healthy rats (n = 11), cirrhotic rats injected with saline (Ci)

(n = 14), and cirrhotic rats treated with either of SVLuc (Ci+Luc) (n = 8) or SV-IGF-I (Ci+IGF-I) (n = 16). For the TAA model animals were divided into the same groups (6 healthy rats, 5 Ci, 5 Ci+Luc, 5 Ci+IGF-I). Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after virus injection. Blood samples were collected at different timepoints and analyzed as indicated (Supporting Fig. 1). Liver samples were processed for histology and purification of RNA and proteins for further analysis. Liver collagen content was assessed and quantified as described (Supporting Fig. 1).7 Immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was done with antibody 1A4 (M0851, Dako) diluted 1:100, and for IGF-1Rβ with antibody sc-713 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) diluted 1:50. Total liver IGF-I (OCTEIA Rat/mouse IGF-I, Vitro) was measured in serum and liver extracts by ELISA. Total MMP activity was measured using a fluorogenic peptide substrate (R&D Systems). TIMP-1 was evaluated with antibody from R&D Systems diluted 1:500 and the western blot was quantified with Image Quant ECL selleck inhibitor (GE). Total RNA was extracted as described.7 RNA was also extracted from laser dissected

liver sections with Absolutely RNA nanoprep (Stratagene). Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) were done as described (Supporting Table 1).7 Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was estimated with Student’s t test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant (*). All statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS v. 11.0. To evaluate IGF-I effect in rat cirrhotic livers, cirrhosis was induced by intragastric administration of CCl4 for 8 weeks (Supporting Fig. 1A). Transaminases increased at the end of CCl4 treatment and remained higher than healthy controls more than half a year after completion of cirrhosis induction (Supporting Fig. 1B).

Conclusion: Although difficult technically, LC can be performed safely in patients with AC of up to 7 days duration. It reduces cost of treatment in the sub group of patients

whose duration of Deforolimus in vivo symptom is more than 4 days. Key Word(s): 1. lap cholecystectomy; 2. acute cholecystitis; 3. duration 4 days; 4. 4 days to 7 days; Presenting Author: BING-RONG LIU LIU Additional Authors: XIAN-CHAO KONG, GUANG-XING CUI, JI-TAO SONG Corresponding Author: BING-RONG LIU LIU Affiliations: the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University Objective: Natural orfice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an innovative procedure that represents a further evolvement of minimally

invasive surgery. To our knowledge, pure transgastric NOTES for adnexal procedures has not been reported yet in human beings. Here we report the first clinical application of pure transgastric NOTES for adnexal diseases and evaluate its feasibility and safety. Methods: A 36-year-old woman presented with the symptoms of vaginal bleeding 20 days and left lower abdominal pain 3 days. The serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) was 547.23 mIU/ml (normal less than 5 mIU/ml). Transvaginal ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis with left fallopian tubal ectopic pregnancy and right simple ovarian cyst. A pure transgastric MAPK Inhibitor Library NOTES was performed after approved by the hospital ethical committee. The operation process was as follows:(1) Creation of gastric access by using PEG-like technique; (2) Establishing pneumoperitoneum with a 8 Fr abdominal drainage catheter which was placed on the right lower abdomen and connected to a laparoscopic insufflator; (3) detection of bilateral adnexa: a superficial endometriosis lesion was occasionally found on the right ovarian surface. The ectopic pregnancy mass and ovarian cyst were observed; (4) Cystotomy of the ovarian cyst with Hook knife; (5) Electrical cautery of the endometriosis SB-3CT lesion with Coagrasper; (6) Salpingostomy and dissection of the ectopic pregnancy

lesion from the tubal wall with Hook knife and IT knife without laparoscopic assistant; (7) Removal of the lesion and observation of no remnant; (8) Closure of the gastric incision with endoclips and nylon loops. Results: The patient did well postoperatively without any complications. Serumβ-hCG returned to normal 3 day after the operation. The histological examination confirmed the presence of chorionic villus in the specimen. Follow-up endoscopy on the 5th postoperative day showed well healing of the gastric incision. Conclusion: Our initial practice indicates that pure transgastric NOTES is feasible and safe in performing adnexal procedures in selected patients. Key Word(s): 1. NOTES; 2. pure NOTES; 3.

Conclusion: Although difficult technically, LC can be performed safely in patients with AC of up to 7 days duration. It reduces cost of treatment in the sub group of patients

whose duration of selleck products symptom is more than 4 days. Key Word(s): 1. lap cholecystectomy; 2. acute cholecystitis; 3. duration 4 days; 4. 4 days to 7 days; Presenting Author: BING-RONG LIU LIU Additional Authors: XIAN-CHAO KONG, GUANG-XING CUI, JI-TAO SONG Corresponding Author: BING-RONG LIU LIU Affiliations: the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Harbin Medical University Objective: Natural orfice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an innovative procedure that represents a further evolvement of minimally

invasive surgery. To our knowledge, pure transgastric NOTES for adnexal procedures has not been reported yet in human beings. Here we report the first clinical application of pure transgastric NOTES for adnexal diseases and evaluate its feasibility and safety. Methods: A 36-year-old woman presented with the symptoms of vaginal bleeding 20 days and left lower abdominal pain 3 days. The serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) was 547.23 mIU/ml (normal less than 5 mIU/ml). Transvaginal ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis with left fallopian tubal ectopic pregnancy and right simple ovarian cyst. A pure transgastric Selleckchem Staurosporine NOTES was performed after approved by the hospital ethical committee. The operation process was as follows:(1) Creation of gastric access by using PEG-like technique; (2) Establishing pneumoperitoneum with a 8 Fr abdominal drainage catheter which was placed on the right lower abdomen and connected to a laparoscopic insufflator; (3) detection of bilateral adnexa: a superficial endometriosis lesion was occasionally found on the right ovarian surface. The ectopic pregnancy mass and ovarian cyst were observed; (4) Cystotomy of the ovarian cyst with Hook knife; (5) Electrical cautery of the endometriosis Benzatropine lesion with Coagrasper; (6) Salpingostomy and dissection of the ectopic pregnancy

lesion from the tubal wall with Hook knife and IT knife without laparoscopic assistant; (7) Removal of the lesion and observation of no remnant; (8) Closure of the gastric incision with endoclips and nylon loops. Results: The patient did well postoperatively without any complications. Serumβ-hCG returned to normal 3 day after the operation. The histological examination confirmed the presence of chorionic villus in the specimen. Follow-up endoscopy on the 5th postoperative day showed well healing of the gastric incision. Conclusion: Our initial practice indicates that pure transgastric NOTES is feasible and safe in performing adnexal procedures in selected patients. Key Word(s): 1. NOTES; 2. pure NOTES; 3.

A.T., V.C., and P.M.M. received speaker fees on the occasion of scientific educational meetings organized by Instrumentation Laboratory. While processing this paper the following article addressing the same issue has been published: Lisman T, Bakhtiari K, Pereboom ITA, Hendriks HGD, Meijers JCM, Porte RJ. Normal to increased thrombin generation in patients undergoing liver transplantation despite prolonged

conventional coagulation tests. J Hepatol 2010;52:355–61. “
“The increasing prevalence of cholesterol gallstone (CG) disease has become an economic burden to the healthcare system. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only established medical agent used to dissolve Napabucasin gallstones. In investigating novel therapeutics for CG, we assessed the preventive effects of

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) on the formation of CG induced by feeding a lithogenic diet (LD) containing high cholesterol levels to mice. Mice were divided into the following six groups: (A) regular diet (RD); (B) RD+n-3PUFA; (C) LD; (D) LD+n-3PUFA; (E) LD+UDCA; (F) LD+n-3PUFA+UDCA. After Cetuximab in vivo RD/LD feeding for 2 weeks, n-3PUFA or UDCA was administered orally and the diet maintained for 8 weeks. The levels of phospholipids and cholesterol in bile, CG formation, gallbladder wall thickness, MUC gene expression in gallbladder were analyzed. No stone or sludge was evident in the RD groups (Groups A, B). Mice in the n-3PUFA treatment (Groups D, F) showed significantly lower stone formation than the other LD groups (Groups C, E). The combination treatment of n-3PUFA and UDCA suppressed stone formation more than mono-therapy with n-3PUFA or UDCA. Bile phospholipid levels were significantly elevated in the Group F. Hypertrophy of the gallbladder wall was evident in mice fed LD. MUC 2, 5AC, 5B and 6 mRNA expression levels were significantly elevated in the LD-fed group, and this was suppressed by n-3PUFA with or without UDCA. N-3PUFA attenuated gallstone

formation in mouse, through increasing the levels of bile phospholipids and suppressing bile mucin formation. “
“p130Cas, Crk-associated substrate (Cas), is an adaptor/scaffold protein that plays a central role in actin cytoskeletal reorganization. We previously showed that mice in which Cas was deleted (Cas−/−) died in utero because of early cardiovascular maldevelopment. To further Tideglusib investigate the in vivo roles of Cas, we generated mice with a hypomorphic Cas allele lacking the exon 2–derived region (CasΔex2/Δex2), which encodes Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of Cas. CasΔex2/Δex2 mice again died as embryos, but they particularly showed progressive liver degeneration with hepatocyte apoptosis. Because Cas expression in the liver is preferentially detected in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), the observed hepatocyte apoptosis was most likely ascribable to impaired function of SECs. To address this possibility, we stably introduced a Cas mutant lacking the SH3 domain (Cas ΔSH3) into an SEC line (NP31).

[29] Dose reductions for hematological

side-effects were based mainly on the information supplied by each drug manufacturer. Grade 2 or higher adverse events, such as malaise, fever, anorexia and light-headedness, resulted in TVR reductions of 750 mg/day, PEG IFN reductions of 10–20 μg/week, and RBV reductions of 200 mg/day as soon as possible, until symptom severity decreased to grade 1 or below. None of the patients received erythropoietin or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor during treatment. Patients with grade 1 (several sites or localized NU7441 chemical structure to one site) or 2 (diffuse skin eruption involving up to 50% of the body surface) dermatological adverse events were managed at the discretion of the physicians at each hospital. TVR was discontinued in patients who experienced a progressive grade 3 dermatological adverse event (rash with the appearance of substantial systemic signs or symptoms or involving >50% of the body surface), but these patients continued to receive PEG IFN-α-2b and RBV, if possible. Hepatitis C virus RNA concentrations were measured using the TaqMan HCV assay (COBAS TaqMan HCV assay; Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Tokyo, Japan) with lower and upper limits of quantification of 15 IU/mL and 6.9 × 107 IU/mL (range, 1.2–7.8 log IU/mL), respectively. HCV genotype

was determined using a HCV Genotype Primer Kit (Institute of Immunology, Tokyo, Japan). Amino acid substitutions in core 70/91 were assayed as described.[30] Previous virological responses to IFN-based therapy included prior relapse, undetectable HCV RNA at the end of treatment but detectable HCV RNA 24 weeks or Luminespib manufacturer less later and the reappearance of HCV RNA at any time during treatment after a virological response (breakthrough). Patients whose HCV RNA never became undetectable during treatment were defined as non-responders. Rapid virological response (RVR) was defined as undetectable serum HCV RNA at week 4 of treatment. End of treatment response (ETR) was defined as undetectable HCV

RNA at the end of therapy. SVR12 was defined as undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after the completion of treatment.[31] All methods of assessing treatment efficacy were defined according to guidelines.[32, 33] Even if treatment was discontinued before the assigned schedule because of side-effects or non-compliance with therapy, patients were considered Thiamet G SVR12 if serum HCV RNA was undetectable at 12 weeks of follow up. During follow up, clinical, biochemical and qualitative serum HCV RNA parameters were determined every 1–3 months. Genetic polymorphisms in tagged SNP located near IL28B (rs8099917) were determined by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. IP-10 was measured in serum samples collected at baseline, prior to initiation of TVR-based triple therapy, using commercially available Quantikine human CXCL10/IP-10 immunoassay kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

[29] Dose reductions for hematological

side-effects were based mainly on the information supplied by each drug manufacturer. Grade 2 or higher adverse events, such as malaise, fever, anorexia and light-headedness, resulted in TVR reductions of 750 mg/day, PEG IFN reductions of 10–20 μg/week, and RBV reductions of 200 mg/day as soon as possible, until symptom severity decreased to grade 1 or below. None of the patients received erythropoietin or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor during treatment. Patients with grade 1 (several sites or localized see more to one site) or 2 (diffuse skin eruption involving up to 50% of the body surface) dermatological adverse events were managed at the discretion of the physicians at each hospital. TVR was discontinued in patients who experienced a progressive grade 3 dermatological adverse event (rash with the appearance of substantial systemic signs or symptoms or involving >50% of the body surface), but these patients continued to receive PEG IFN-α-2b and RBV, if possible. Hepatitis C virus RNA concentrations were measured using the TaqMan HCV assay (COBAS TaqMan HCV assay; Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Tokyo, Japan) with lower and upper limits of quantification of 15 IU/mL and 6.9 × 107 IU/mL (range, 1.2–7.8 log IU/mL), respectively. HCV genotype

was determined using a HCV Genotype Primer Kit (Institute of Immunology, Tokyo, Japan). Amino acid substitutions in core 70/91 were assayed as described.[30] Previous virological responses to IFN-based therapy included prior relapse, undetectable HCV RNA at the end of treatment but detectable HCV RNA 24 weeks or Gefitinib molecular weight less later and the reappearance of HCV RNA at any time during treatment after a virological response (breakthrough). Patients whose HCV RNA never became undetectable during treatment were defined as non-responders. Rapid virological response (RVR) was defined as undetectable serum HCV RNA at week 4 of treatment. End of treatment response (ETR) was defined as undetectable HCV

RNA at the end of therapy. SVR12 was defined as undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after the completion of treatment.[31] All methods of assessing treatment efficacy were defined according to guidelines.[32, 33] Even if treatment was discontinued before the assigned schedule because of side-effects or non-compliance with therapy, patients were considered Resminostat SVR12 if serum HCV RNA was undetectable at 12 weeks of follow up. During follow up, clinical, biochemical and qualitative serum HCV RNA parameters were determined every 1–3 months. Genetic polymorphisms in tagged SNP located near IL28B (rs8099917) were determined by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. IP-10 was measured in serum samples collected at baseline, prior to initiation of TVR-based triple therapy, using commercially available Quantikine human CXCL10/IP-10 immunoassay kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

The degree of peristalsis was assessed using visible scores (range 0–2) at the antrum and duodenal second portion (0- no peristalsis, 1- slight peristalsis but no obscured vision, 2- severe peristalsis with obscured vision). Results: A significantly higher number of gastric peristalsis events

was seen in group A than in group B (0.53 vs. 0.09, p < 0.001) but this number was less than one in both groups and the difference was not clinically significant. No significant difference was found for the number of duodenal peristalsis events (1.62 vs. 1.58, p = 0.897). And the degree of peristalsis at the stomach and duodenum (p = 0.245 stomach, p = 0.486 duodenum) was not significant different. The incidence of mouth dryness was significantly higher with cimetropium bromide than with BMN 673 manufacturer that of phloroglucin (50% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001). selleck compound No significant differences were noted for the incidence of other adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache and abdominal pain or

patient’s discomfort between the two groups. Conclusion: Oral phloroglucin can be used as an antispasmodic agent during upper endoscopy with similar antispasmodic efficacy and fewer side effects when compared to cimetropium bromide. Key Word(s): 1. phloroglucin; 2. cimetropium bromide; 3. upper endoscopy; Presenting Author: SEKINA GHUMAN Additional Authors: T PAULOSE GEORGE, KIM JONES, HAMID KHAN Corresponding Author: SEKINA GHUMAN Affiliations:

Wrexham Maelor Hospital Objective: Good bowel preparation is essential for optimal visualisation of mucosa during colonoscopy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of three types of bowel preparation – Picolax (sodium see more picosulphate), single dose Moviprep and split-dose Moviprep. Methods: Two groups of patients; bowel cancer screening and symptomatic patients – who underwent colonoscopy at our institution over a 12-month period were identified. Within the two groups, 50 patients receiving each type of bowel preparation were selected providing a total of 300. Data collected included subjective rating of bowel preparation (good, satisfactory, poor), depth of insertion, timing of endoscopy and polyp detection. Results: In symptomatic patients, 94% prescribed split-dose Moviprep had good or satisfactory bowel preparation with an unadjusted caecal intubation rate of 96%. 80% prescribed single dose Moviprep and 84% prescribed Picolax received the same rating with a caecal intubation rate of 88% and 92% respectively. More colonoscopies done in the afternoon received a ‘good’ bowel preparation rating (65.3% vs 30.8%, p value <0.001) and more polyps (52.6% vs 47.4%) were detected regardless of preparation type. Moviprep was associated with the highest polyp detection rate (61% vs 34%, p value 0.03). In screening patients, 98% prescribed split-dose Moviprep had good or satisfactory bowel preparation.

The degree of peristalsis was assessed using visible scores (range 0–2) at the antrum and duodenal second portion (0- no peristalsis, 1- slight peristalsis but no obscured vision, 2- severe peristalsis with obscured vision). Results: A significantly higher number of gastric peristalsis events

was seen in group A than in group B (0.53 vs. 0.09, p < 0.001) but this number was less than one in both groups and the difference was not clinically significant. No significant difference was found for the number of duodenal peristalsis events (1.62 vs. 1.58, p = 0.897). And the degree of peristalsis at the stomach and duodenum (p = 0.245 stomach, p = 0.486 duodenum) was not significant different. The incidence of mouth dryness was significantly higher with cimetropium bromide than with find more that of phloroglucin (50% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001). OSI-906 ic50 No significant differences were noted for the incidence of other adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache and abdominal pain or

patient’s discomfort between the two groups. Conclusion: Oral phloroglucin can be used as an antispasmodic agent during upper endoscopy with similar antispasmodic efficacy and fewer side effects when compared to cimetropium bromide. Key Word(s): 1. phloroglucin; 2. cimetropium bromide; 3. upper endoscopy; Presenting Author: SEKINA GHUMAN Additional Authors: T PAULOSE GEORGE, KIM JONES, HAMID KHAN Corresponding Author: SEKINA GHUMAN Affiliations:

Wrexham Maelor Hospital Objective: Good bowel preparation is essential for optimal visualisation of mucosa during colonoscopy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of three types of bowel preparation – Picolax (sodium Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) picosulphate), single dose Moviprep and split-dose Moviprep. Methods: Two groups of patients; bowel cancer screening and symptomatic patients – who underwent colonoscopy at our institution over a 12-month period were identified. Within the two groups, 50 patients receiving each type of bowel preparation were selected providing a total of 300. Data collected included subjective rating of bowel preparation (good, satisfactory, poor), depth of insertion, timing of endoscopy and polyp detection. Results: In symptomatic patients, 94% prescribed split-dose Moviprep had good or satisfactory bowel preparation with an unadjusted caecal intubation rate of 96%. 80% prescribed single dose Moviprep and 84% prescribed Picolax received the same rating with a caecal intubation rate of 88% and 92% respectively. More colonoscopies done in the afternoon received a ‘good’ bowel preparation rating (65.3% vs 30.8%, p value <0.001) and more polyps (52.6% vs 47.4%) were detected regardless of preparation type. Moviprep was associated with the highest polyp detection rate (61% vs 34%, p value 0.03). In screening patients, 98% prescribed split-dose Moviprep had good or satisfactory bowel preparation.

Methods: Prospective analysis of a cohort of consecutive 200 patients (94M: 106F, mean age 53 years) with chronic liver disease undergoing elective endoscopic screening procedures over 6 months, by a single endoscopist, in a liver transplant center. Of them, 187 (93%) had cirrhosis. One hundred thirty-five (67%) underwent EGD, and 52 (26%) had colonosco-pies C59 wnt in vitro and 13 had both. Esophageal varices were detected in 117 (79%; small varices 16, medium varices 77, and large 24), and prophylactic esophageal variceal banding in multiple sessions was done in 78 (53%) patients. Biopsies with

EGD were done in 99 (67%) patients. On colonoscopy of 65 patients, 24 (36%) had polyps. Forty-five (70%) had biopsies taken, and polypectomies were done in 22 (34%); snare pol-ypectomy with cauterization for larger polyps (>1 cm) was done in 12 (18%). The mean platelet count was 112 k/cmm (range 20-180), mean INR 1.3 (1-2.9), and mean MELD 9.8 (6-31). The sedation was administered with

propofol, with or without midazolam. Following the procedure, patients were followed for worsening of encephalopathy, bleeding, SBP, or aspiration over 72 hours. Results: None of the patients had complications with worsening of encephalopathy, bleeding, SBP, or aspiration within 72 hours. None required PRBC, platelet, or FFP transfusion. Only one patient was H 89 mouse admitted with a variceal bleeding, after 5 days from post-banding ulceration, and recovered. Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal endosco-pies and colonoscopies with interventions done electively in patients with end-stage liver disease are safe. The patients tolerate sedation with propofol well. A study with a large sample size is needed to establish Rebamipide the safety

of therapeutic endoscopy in patients with decompensated liver disease. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Prasun K. Jalal “
“Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, often referred to as EGD (esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy), is a common investigation that allows the physician to directly examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. EGD also allows mucosal biopsies to be obtained as well as various therapeutic interventions to be performed. The endoscopy system had evolved from the fiberoptic technology in the 1960s to the state-of-art high-resolution and high-definition systems of today. Currently, endoscopes with integrated zoom lenses and microscopes are available and with these technologies, intestinal tissues can be imaged at cellular and nuclear levels which provide invivo optical histology. Image enhancement by altering the spectrum of visible light has allowed the delineation and characterization of subtle and early abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. This chapter will provide an overview of the endoscopic techniques and recent developments in this field.

Hypothermia in endoscopy has not been reported. We examined the incidence of hypothermia in patients having complex endoscopic procedures and examined the use of a warming blanket. Methods: Sixty-eight patients (n = 68) at The Prince Charles Hospital were consented and randomized into two groups: Group 1 (G1 n = 34) received standard care: Group 2 (G2 n = 34) received enhanced care consisting of standard care + Barrier Easy Warm blanket (at time of undressing). Physiological parameters were recorded in both groups, this included

heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturations, and aural temperature at T0 (admission), T1 (procedure room pre-test), T2 (admission to recovery area), T3 (discharge from recovery area) and T4 (pre-discharge). Patient comfort scores (0–10 analogue

ATR inhibition score) and 30 day phone follow-up was also recorded. (not yet complete) Palbociclib Results: Patient characteristics: G1 Male = 24/34 (53%) Female = 16/34 (47%): Mean age 57.1+/− 2.5 yrs: Colonoscopy 29/34 (85%), OGD + Colonoscopy 5/40 (15%) G2 Male = 24/34 (53%) Female = 16/34 (47%): Mean age 49.1 +/− 2.1 yrs: Colonoscopy 26/34 (76%), OGD + Colonoscopy 8/34 (24%) Table 1: Temperature at T0 (admission), T1 (procedure room pre-test), T2 (admission to recovery), T3 (discharge from recovery), T4 (pre-discharge). Statistical analysis used students t / Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Standard error of the mean. Statistical significance p < 0.05) Temperature (°C) TO T1 T2 T3 T4 Group 1 (n = 34) 36.44+/−0.08 36.42+/−0.1 35.75+/−0.07 35.76+/−0.07 36.04+/−0.07 Group 2 (n = 34) 36.25+/−0.09 36.53+/−0.09 36.00 +/−0.10 35.9+/−0.09 Fludarabine price 36.43+/−0.08 Conclusions: Decrease in body temperature does occur in patients undergoing prolonged endoscopic procedures. This has not led to an increase in complications in our limited small study. The Barrier Easy Warming blanket prevented a decrease in body temperature. Further larger studies are required to examine complications due to hypothermia. F WEILERT, YM BHAT, KF BINMOELLER, S KANE, IM JAFFEE, R CAMERON, Y HASHIMOTO, JN SHAH

Inventional Endoscopy Services, California Pacific Medical Centre, USA Introduction: Both EUS-FNA and ERCP sampling techniques provide a means for tissue diagnosis in suspected malignant biliary obstruction. However, there are scant comparative data. Aim: Directly compare EUS-FNA and ERCP tissue sampling in single session EUS and ERCP Methods: All patients with suspected malignant biliary obstruction between May 2011 – June 2012 were invited to participate in this prospective comparative study. Patients providing study consent underwent EUS first: masses, localized bile duct wall thickening, lymph nodes, or liver lesions were targeted for FNA with onsite cytopathology. Same session ERCP was then performed, if clinically indicated. Biliary strictures were sampled with a cytology brush and intraductal forceps biopsies by a 2nd endoscopist blinded to the EUS findings. Pathologists interpreting FNA and ERCP samples were not blinded.