This study examined data from the IMS National Prescription Audit (NPA) Plus (TM) database of retail pharmacy transactions to evaluate trends in U.S. retail sales and prescriptions of FDA-approved medications to treat Substance use disorders. Data reveal that prescriptions for alcoholism medications grew from 393,000 in 2003 ($30 million in sales) to an estimated 720,000 ($78 million in sales) in 2007. The growth was largely driven

by the introduction of acamprosate in 2005, which soon became the market leader ($35 million in sales). Prescriptions for the two buprenorphine formulations increased from 48,000 prescriptions ($5 million in sales) in the year of their introduction (2003) to 1.9 million prescriptions ($327 Stem Cell Compound Library purchase million in sales) in 2007. While acamprosate and buprenorphine grew rapidly selleck compound after market entry, overall substance abuse retail medication sales remain small relative to the size of the population that could benefit from treatment and relative to sales for other medications, Such as antidepressants. The extent to which Substance dependence medications will be adopted by physicians and patients, and marketed by industry, remains uncertain. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important assessment benchmarks after aesthetic procedures. Systematic studies of PROs have not been conducted

in the lower face.

OBJECTIVE

To study satisfaction and other PROs after treatment of the lower face

with onabotulinumtoxinA and a 24-mg/mL smooth, cohesive hyaluronic acid (HA) gel filler, alone or in combination.

METHODS

Ninety female participants aged 35 to 55 were randomized to one of three groups: 24-mg/mL cohesive gel alone (n=30), onabotulinumtoxinA alone (n=30), or the combination (n=30). Effectiveness outcomes were investigator- and participant-rated satisfaction buy R406 and the participant Self-Perception of Age (SPA) and participant-rated Look and Feel of the Lips and Mouth (LAF) questionnaires. Participants maintained a 14-day diary to record severity of treatment site responses.

RESULTS

All treatments resulted in significant improvements from baseline at all end points and on all PRO measures. For all measures and most time points, the 24-mg/mL cohesive gel treatment groups experienced greater improvements than onabotulinumtoxinA alone. Participant-rated severity of treatment-related reactions was mainly mild and transient.

CONCLUSION

OnabotulinumtoxinA and 24-mg/mL cohesive HA gel treatments, used alone or in combination for lower face rejuvenation, resulted in significant improvement in investigator- and participant-reported outcomes.

The authors acknowledge statistical support from Ethica Clinical Research, Inc. (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). Drs. Alastair and Jean Carruthers are consultants and investigators and receive honoraria from Allergan, Inc.