Ten healthy individuals served as control subjects. DT MR imaging was performed with a 3-T MR unit. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional selleck kinase inhibitor anisotropy (FA) maps were automatically created. Regions of interest were positioned on the MD and FA maps, and mean MD and mean FA values were calculated for each optic nerve and each optic radiation.

Results: The optic radiations and optic nerves of patients with glaucoma, as compared with control subjects, had significantly higher MD and significantly lower FA. The mean MD values for the optic nerves and the glaucoma stages varied consistently (r = 0.8087, P < .0001). A negative correlation between mean FA

for the optic nerves CYT387 research buy and glaucoma stage (r = -0.7464, P < .0001) was observed.

Conclusion: Glaucoma is a complex neurologic disease that affects optic nerves and optic radiations. The finding that DT MR imaging-derived MD and FA in the optic nerves correlate with glaucoma severity suggests that these parameters could serve as complementary indicators of disease severity. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a commercially important lactic acid bacterium which is used as a starter culture in various fermentation processes. However, because of its sensitivity to acid stress, high cell-density culture has

not been accomplished yet. Therefore, we investigated the effect of preadaptation of L. mesenteroides under mildly acidic conditions for resistance to normally lethal levels of acid stress. For this, the cells grown to the early-exponential phase at pH 7.0 were incubated at pH 6.5, 6.0, and 5.0 for 1 h, and then the survival rates of acid-adapted cells in pH 4.0 solution was determined. Acid-adapted cells at pH 5.0 exhibited maximum increase in tolerance,

showing an increased survival of approximately 2,500 folds compared to the control (pH 7.0).”
“We have investigated the longitudinal resistivity of two-dimensional (2D) electron gas driven by microwave and magnetic field GSK J4 supplier by using the balance-equation theory. Radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations have been reproduced. The period-in-the-inverse-magnetic-field is determined by radiation frequency. This property can be used to design a terahertz detector. The detection is realized by applying a time-varying magnetic field on a 2D electron device and then measuring the difference of longitudinal resistivity with and without radiation. This kind of detector has high sensitivity and high immunity. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3452387]“
“Biofilms play a pivotal role in healthcare-associated infections, especially those related to the implant of medical devices, such as intravascular catheters, urinary catheters and orthopaedic implants.