Aneurysmal rebleeding, hydrocephalus, seizures, and delayed ischemic injury represent major threats. There is increasing awareness of extracerebral complications, including GDC-0994 electrolyte disturbances (eg, cerebral salt wasting) and cardiac dysfunction. Prompt recognition and treatment of these disorders maximizes the odds of a good functional outcome. Technologic advances hold the promise of improved detection and treatment of secondary neurologic insults.”
“Some aqueous reactions in biological or chemical fields are accomplished at a high temperature. When the reaction temperature is higher than 100 degrees C, an autoclave reactor is usually

required to elevate the boiling point of the water by creating a high-pressure environment in a closed system. This work presented an alternative continuous flowing microfluidic solution for aqueous reaction with a reaction temperature higher than 100 degrees C. The pressure regulating function was successfully fulfilled by a small microchannel based on a delicate hydrodynamic design. Combined with micro heater and temperature sensor that integrated in a single chip by utilizing silicon-based microfabrication techniques, this pressure

regulating microchannel generated a high-pressure/high-temperature Staurosporine environment in the upstream reaction zone when the reagents continuously flow through the chip. As a preliminary demonstration, thermal digestion of aqueous total phosphorus sample was achieved in this continuous flowing micro-reactor at a working pressure of 990 kPa (under the working flow rate of 20 nl/s) along with a reaction temperature of 145 degrees C. This continuous flowing microfluidic solution Sapitinib cell line for high-temperature reaction may find applications in various micro total

analysis systems. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which prevents and ameliorates the cascade of secondary neurologic injury after the return of spontaneous circulation, is the most effective neuroprotective therapy for encephalopathic survivors of cardiac arrest. Despite the compelling efficacy of TH, most patients who survive cardiac arrest long enough to be hospitalized will nonetheless suffer a poor neurologic outcome. Attention to the details of therapy and an integrated approach involving emergency medicine, neurology, cardiology, critical care medicine, and palliative care are likely to yield the best results. This effort is complex, and broad implementation of TH has been slow in the United States and Europe.

Given that most cardiac arrest mortality in patients who survive long enough to be hospitalized is due to brain injury rather than circulatory collapse, neurologists should recognize their primary role as advocates for neuroprotective therapy at all stages of the evaluation.