We demonstrate, for the first time, long-tasting consequences of prenatal ethanol exposure for basal corticosterone (CORT) regulation and basal levels of hippocampal mineralocorticoid (MR), glucocorticoid (GR) and serotonin Type 1 A (5-HT1A) receptor mRNA, as
a function of estrous cycle stage: (1) basal CORT levels were higher in www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk621.html E compared to C females in proestrus but lower in E and PF compared to C females in estrus; (2) there were no differences among groups in basal levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), estradiol or progesterone; (3) hippocampal MR mRNA levels were decreased in E compared to PF and C females across the estrus cycle, with the greatest effects in proestrus, whereas E (but not PF or Q females had higher hippocampal GR mRNA levels DNA/RNA Synthesis inhibitor in proestrus than in estrous and diestrus; (4) 5-HT1A mRNA levels were increased in E compared to PF and C females in diestrus. That alterations were revealed as a function of estrous cycle stage suggests a role for the ovarian steroids in mediating the adverse effects
of ethanol. Furthermore, it appears that ethanol-induced nutritional effects may play a role in mediating at least some of the effects observed.
The resetting of HPA activity by early environmental events could be one mechanism linking early life experiences with long-term health consequences. Thus, changes in basal CORT levels, a shift in the MR/GR balance and alterations in 5-HT1A receptor mRNA could have important clinical implications for understanding the EPZ015666 cell line secondary disabilities, such as an increased incidence of depression, in children with FASD. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this review paper a modified cognitive neurophysiological model of Aaron T. Beck’s cognitive formulation of anxiety and depression is proposed that provides an elaborated account of the cognitive and neural mediational processes of cognitive therapy (CT). Empirical evidence consistent with this model is discussed that indicates the effectiveness
of cognitive therapy could be associated with reduced activation of the amygdalohippocampal subcortical regions implicated in the generation of negative emotion and increased activation of higher-order frontal regions involved in cognitive control of negative emotion. Future cognitive neuroscience research is needed on the unique brain substrates affected by CT and their role in facilitating symptom change. This future research would have important implications for improving the efficiency and efficacy of this treatment approach.”
“Sleep is frequently impaired in postmenopausal women. Progesterone prompted benzodiazepine-like effects on steep EEG in young normal mate subjects. Aim of this study was to test if treatment with progesterone improves steep after menopause.