To comply with the construction of the original

paired t-test, we formed two paired groups for each permutation. For one reconstructed group, we correlated one subject from the Natural Music condition, denoted as Subi,1, with a different subject from the Phase-Scrambled condition, denoted as Subj,2, where i and j represent subjects, 1 represents the Natural Music condition, and 2 represents the Phase-Scrambled condition. Correspondingly, for the paired Z-transformed correlation coefficient in the other reconstructed group, we correlated Subi,2 with Subj,1 (i.e. the same paired subjects but with switched conditions). We randomly paired subjects from different

conditions 136 times to resemble the original 136 correlations between 17 subjects within the same condition. Similarly, ACP-196 cost a t statistic was constructed using X-396 mw a paired group t-test with 136 Z-transformed correlation coefficients. We repeated the same permutation procedure 80 times and derived an appropriate spatial extent threshold based on the maximum cluster size to control family-wise error under 5% with a voxel-wise P value < 0.005 based on a t-distribution with a degree of freedom of 135. The resulting spatial extent threshold was determined to be 50 voxels. These particular values were used to threshold the Z-normalized group correlation map. To compare ISS results between stimulus conditions, we used the Z-scores at each voxel generated during the ISS analysis (see above) to calculate a difference map. Specifically, we subtracted Z-scores for the Spectrally-Rotated and Phase-Scrambled conditions from Z-scores Dehydratase from the Natural Music condition for each subject-to-subject comparison (136 subject-to-subject

comparisons in total). This analysis was restricted to the voxels which showed suprathreshold ISS in the group correlation map for the Natural Music condition. Group t-maps for the (Natural Music minus Spectrally-Rotated) and (Natural Music minus Phase-Scrambled) comparisons were then computed by performing one-way t-tests across all 136 difference maps for each comparison. Group difference t-maps were then thresholded using the permutation test as described previously (P < 0.005 height; P < 0.05, 50 voxels extent). While our analysis and interpretation focuses on comparison of ISS differences between the Natural Music and the two control conditions, for the sake of completeness we have also presented synchronization maps associated with the Natural Music, Spectrally-Rotated and Phase-Scrambled conditions.