They allow sites to be ranked according to their importance for numbers/relative amounts of species, or the frequencies with which they are sampled. They are illustrated using simulations and data from sessile and mobile assemblages on boulders. The indices ranked sites in importance in ways not possible from species counts, ranking sites differently, depending on which assemblage was examined. The appropriate

index for any situation depends on the biologies of the organisms and whether abundances or occupancy of patches of habitat within a site was considered most important. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) selleck chemical is one of only a few malignancies with an increasing incidence in North America. Because the vast majority of HCCs occur in GSK3326595 in vitro the setting of a cirrhotic liver, management of this malignancy is best performed in a multidisciplinary group that recognizes the importance of liver function, as well as patient

and tumour characteristics. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is preferred for HCC because it incorporates the tumour characteristics (ie, tumour-node-metastasis stage), the patient’s performance status and liver function according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification, and then links the BCLC stage to recommended therapeutic interventions. However, the BCLC algorithm does not PXD101 Epigenetics inhibitor recognize the potential role of radiofrequency ablation for very early stage HCC, the expanding role of liver transplantation in the management of HCC, the role of transarterial chemoembolization in single large tumours, the potential role of transarterial radioembolization with (90)Yttrium and the limited evidence for using sorafenib in Child-Turcotte-Pugh class B cirrhotic patients. The current review article presents an evidence-based approach to the multidisciplinary management of HCC along with a new algorithm for the management of HCC that incorporates the BCLC staging system and the

authors’ local selection criteria for resection, ablative techniques, liver transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial radioembolization and sorafenib in Alberta.”
“Human heterosexual mating preferences have been shown to conform to predictions drawn from evolutionary theory, with men and women adopting broadly distinct strategies. Attempts to reconcile sexual selection theory with homosexual behavior have been less consistent, however, and have largely focussed on addressing two alternative perspectives: (i) that gay men and lesbians display phenotypic traits in common with opposite sex heterosexual individuals or (ii) that homosexual individuals display sex-typical, or exaggerated sex-typical phenotypes.