METHODS: Three-dimensional MR imaging data sets of 13 healthy adults were acquired in different positions in the scanner. With a morphometric approach, data sets were evaluated by deformation field analysis and the brain boundary shift integral. Distortions of the brain were assessed comparing right versus left and prone versus supine positioning, respectively.
RESULTS: Two effects could be differentiated: 1) greatest brain deformation of up to 1.7 mm predominantly located around central brain structures
in the lateral direction and a less pronounced change after position changes in posterior-anterior direction, and 2) the brain boundary shift integral Selleck Entinostat depicted position-dependent brain shift relative to the inner skull.
CONCLUSION: Position-dependent effects
on brain structure may undermine the accuracy of neuronavigational and other neurosurgical procedures. Furthermore, in longitudinal MR volumetric studies, gravitational effects should be kept in mind and the scanning position should be rigidly controlled for.”
“Purpose: We assessed the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis via ultrasound in asymptomatic males 8-Bromo-cAMP mw 0 to 19 years old.
Materials and Methods: We studied only patients with 2 scrotal testes at birth and at examination. We excluded boys with a history of undescended testis, hydrocele, varicocele and syndromes associated with testicular microlithiasis. To assess for testicular microlithiasis, we scanned the scrotum ultrasonographically by recording transverse and longitudinal images of each testis. Classic testicular microlithiasis was defined as 5 or more echogenic foci in either or both testes. Boys with fewer than 5 microliths (but with at least 1) were deemed to have limited testicular microlithiasis.
Results: We examined 694 asymptomatic boys between October 2007 and July 2008, of whom 670 participated Erastin in the study. Classic testicular microlithiasis was present
in 16 boys (2.4%) and limited testicular microlithiasis in 12 (1.8%), yielding a total prevalence of 4.2%. Classic testicular microlithiasis was found in 1 patient younger than 6 years, 8 boys 6 to 12 years old and 7 boys older than 12 years. There was a significant difference in prevalence among the 3 age groups (p = 0.032). Testicular malignancies were not found in any patient. Of the 24 boys excluded from the study testicular microlithiasis was seen in 4.
Conclusions: The prevalence of classic testicular microlithiasis in asymptomatic boys is 2.4% and increases with age.”
“OBJECTIVE: To further elucidate the importance of anatomic variations in morphology of the foramen magnum and associated clinical implications, we conducted a morphometric study.
METHODS: Seventy-two dry skulls were used for this study. Digital images were obtained of the foramen magnum from an inferior view. These images were studied using a computer-assisted image analysis system.