Larger phase

IIb studies are needed to explore this novel regimen. “
“Routine HIV testing in nonspecialist settings has been shown to be acceptable to patients and staff in pilot studies. The question of how to embed routine HIV testing, and make it sustainable, remains to be answered. We established a service of routine HIV testing in an emergency department (ED) in London, delivered by ED staff as part of routine clinical care. All patients aged 16 to 65 years were Ipilimumab in vitro offered an HIV test (latterly the upper age limit was removed). Meetings were held weekly and two outcome measures examined: test offer rate (coverage) and test uptake. Sustainability methodology (process mapping; plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles) was applied to maximize these outcome measures. Over 30 months, 44 582 eligible patients attended the ED.

The mean proportion offered an HIV test was 14%, varying from 6% to 54% per month over the testing period. The mean proportion accepting a test was 63% (range 33–100%). A total of 4327 HIV tests have been performed. Thirteen patients have been diagnosed with HIV infection (0.30%). PDSA cycles having the most positive and sustained effects on the outcome measures include the expansion to offer blood-based HIV tests in addition to the original oral fluid tests, and the engagement of ED nursing staff in the programme. HIV testing can be delivered in the ED, but constant innovation and attention have GSK2118436 molecular weight been required to maintain it over 30 months. Patient uptake remains high, suggesting acceptability, but time will be

required before true embedding in routine clinical practice is achieved. The UK HIV epidemic is characterized by a high proportion of late-stage diagnoses, and of a persistently high proportion of undiagnosed infections [1]. Guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence follows that from the British Association for Decitabine Sexual Health and HIV, and the British HIV Association, in calling for more widespread testing, including routine HIV testing in general medical settings in areas where HIV prevalence exceeds 0.2% [2-5]. The HIV Testing in Non-traditional Settings (HINTS) study was one of several Department of Health-funded studies commissioned to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of implementing these guidelines. Routine HIV testing services were established in four contexts, all in high-prevalence areas in London, UK: an emergency department (ED), an acute assessment unit, an out-patient department, and a primary care centre. Over 4 months, 6194 patients were offered HIV tests (51% of all age-eligible patients). The uptake was 67%, with 4105 tests performed. Eight individuals (0.19%) were newly diagnosed with HIV infection and all were transferred to care. Of 1003 questionnaire respondents, the offer of an HIV test was acceptable to 92%.