Colorectal cancer diagnosed within 5 years after colonoscopy was more likely than cancer diagnosed after that period or without prior endoscopy to have CIMP and microsatellite instability.”
“A famous motivational model proposed for insect parasitoids by Waage (1979) provides a candidate mechanism for patch-leaving decision rules in foragers. In this model, the animal is supposed to enter a patch of resources with an initial tendency to stay in it, which then regularly decreases. Every encounter with a resource item increases or

decreases this tendency, and the forager is supposed to leave the patch when this tendency or motivation falls below a given threshold. Evidence of such increases and drops in this tendency to stay were often obtained by analyzing experimental data with

a Cox (1972) proportional buy Staurosporine hazards model. The Waage (1979) model is purely deterministic and predicts a fixed departure time for a fixed set of encounters with foraging items. On the other hand, empirical data show a large variability of departure times under fixed conditions. We present a fully stochastic version which overcomes this problem and gives a quasi close form expression for the distribution of patch residence times as well as a statistical procedure to estimate its parameters. Two examples of the model fitting on experimental data sets are provided. selleck chemical This novel model, although more complicated than Waage (1979) model, improves its realism and provides a stochastic interpretation of motivation as a proximal mechanism leading foragers to optimality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background. Although many studies suggest that, on average, depression-specific psychotherapy and antidepressant pharmacotherapy are efficacious, we know relatively little about which patients are more likely to respond to one versus the other. We sought to determine whether measures of spectrum psychopathology are PF299804 molecular weight useful in deciding which patients with

unipolar depression should receive pharmacotherapy versus depression-specific psychotherapy.

Method. A total of 318 adult out-patients with major depression were randomly assigned to escitalopram pharmacotherapy or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) at academic medical centers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Pisa, Italy. Our main focus was on predictors and moderators of time to remission on monotherapy at 12 weeks.

Results. Participants with higher scores on the need for medical reassurance factor of the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report (PAS-SR) had more rapid remission with IPT and those with lower scores on the psychomotor activation factor of the Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR) experienced more rapid remission with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) pharmacotherapy.