8Ca0.2CoO3 cobaltites with particle size of 8, 13, 23, and 50 nm, prepared by the glycine-nitrate method, were investigated in temperature range 5-320 K, magnetic field
up to 50 kOe and under hydrostatic pressure up to 10 kbar. With particle downsizing, a noticeable expansion of unit cell, with concomitant changes in the rhombohedral structure toward the cubic one was observed. It was found that the increased surface-disorder effect strongly suppresses the ferromagnetic state in La0.8Ca0.2CoO3 nanoparticles leading to a decrease, by factor of about 2, both in spontaneous magnetization, M-S, and Curie temperature, T-C, when particle’s size decreases from 23 to 8 nm. The effective magnetic moment mu(eff) was found also to decrease distinctly due to the strong interdependence between Co-O-Co interactions and Co spin state. The size-induced magnetic disorder drives the La0.8Ca0.2CoO3 nanoparticles to a dominant glassy behavior ACP-196 in vivo for 8 nm particles. This is evidenced by the fact that the freezing temperature varies with magnetic field in a strict conformity with the de Almeida-Thouless law for spin glasses and also by the observation of characteristic slowing down in the spin dynamics. The applied pressure suppresses T-C, M-S, and coercive field H-C, find more like it is observed for bulk La0.8Ca0.2CoO3. Nevertheless, in nanoparticles the pressure
effect on T-C is noticeably stronger, while H-C diminishes with pressure much slower then in bulk material. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3468463]“
“Introduction: The aim of this study is to clarify
the relationship of erectile dysfunction (ED) and diabetes mellitus (DM) parameters (referred to with ’1′), including peripheral neuropathy Cyclopamine purchase (referred to with ’2′). Methods: (1) The DM parameters including age, serum levels of blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, duration of DM and number of DM complications were obtained from 145 patients at a general DM clinic. (2) The peripheral neuropathy examinations by vibration perception threshold (VPT) and Achilles tendon reflex were performed in 97 DM patients. Erectile functions in DM patients were evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF 5). The DM patients’ parameters were compared with the IIEF 5 scores. Results: (1) The data showed IIEF 5 scores were significantly correlated with patient age, duration of DM and number of DM complications. (2) IIEF 5 scores were significantly correlated with VPT time. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that patient age and VPT time were independent risk factors for predicting ED in DM patients. Conclusions: The severity of ED in DM patients depended on age, duration of DM, number of DM complications and VPT. Significantly, the age of DM patients and the measurement of VPT are considered to be simple and useful indicators to diagnose ED in DM patients. Copyright (C) 2011 S.